The Poinsettia Mystery

I was a biology major in college. During that time I was a student employee and I got stuck with the mind-numbingly boring and frustrating task had the opportunity and challenge of gluing hundreds of friable, sometimes paper-thin plant specimens into specimen books. I also took a botany course, but it was only one semester long and I believe that the most I’ve retained from that class is an understanding of the differences between deciduous and coniferous trees. Actually, that was one of my big SCI-ENCE! moments. I remember being hugely impressed with needle-bearing evergreens’ adaptive strategies for surviving in nutrient-poor soil, and arid and low-sunlight conditions. Rah! Rah! Evergreens!

Anyway, that’s just a side story. The point is, I’m not a botanist, but I do imagine myself to be a bit of a naturalist and appreciator of ecological science. And what I’m…. Well… Hmmm… What I’m trying to say is that I learned something new, something that’s probably common knowledge and I’m a little embarrassed to have not known this, especially having studied a bit of botany. But on the other hand we all make assumptions about little things that don’t have much to do with out day-to-day needs or experiences, and it’s neat to have those misconceptions or ignorances cleared up. Here’s the story:

We, like many work offices, acquired a poinsettia over the holiday season. You know, one of these:

Image Source

And as is the fate of so many under-appreciated and ignored office plants this one didn’t get nearly as much water as it needed. Eventually all of the green leaves blackened and curled and fell off to their final resting place on the dry soil. For some reason, after the last of the green leaves dropped, the officemates and I were spurred into action. We became poinsettia paramedics, determined to bring this abused plant back from the brink of destruction to which we had driven it.

As we were considering the poinsettia several days later I had this conversation with my office mate, R.

Me: Isn’t it weird that the leaves fell off  before the petals did?

R: I think the red ones are leaves too, not petals. 

Me: No way! Why have two different types of leaves on a plant? And leaves have chloroplasts, and don’t those cause the leaves to be green?

R: (A PhD in virology and rather far removed from his own botany course) I don’t know. Maybe. But I don’t think it’s necessary to be green if you  have chloroplasts.

Me: I don’t know either. I bet the concentration of chloroplasts is less in the red parts than in the green leaves. I wonder how long the plant is going to live without the green leaves. Will it be able to produce enough energy to survive?

R: Hmm. [goes back to his computer]

Me: You know, if only there was someplace where we could easily look all of this stuff up.

R: [Playing with a ROC curve and only half listening to me ramble anymore] Have at it.

To the interwebs! As I knew it would be, the answer was immediately presented:

From the website BiologyReference.com

At first glance one might come to the erroneous conclusions that all leaves are green, and that which is green in nature is a leaf. While often this is the case, there are numerous exceptions. Plant organs are green because of the presence of chloroplasts in the cells near the surface, which reflect green light and absorb other wavelengths as a source of energy for photosynthesis. Certain cells in many leaves contain these organelles , but chloroplasts are also found elsewhere in other organs, such as the stems of cacti of the desert and twigs of sassafras trees in the deciduous forest. In addition, flowers such as the head of broccoli, and fruits such as watermelons also contain chloroplasts.Conversely, many leaves are not green. The winter holiday season brings potted poinsettia plants into many homes. The bright red or pink organs on these plants are not the flowers; they are specialized leaves called bracts, with cells that contain so much pigment that the limited amount of chlorophyll in the chloroplasts is obscured from view. Some poinsettias are white; usually a close look reveals that they have a green tinge due to the presence of a few chloroplasts. Poinsettias do, however, produce flowers. They are less conspicuous small, round yellow and green organs nestled at the apex of the stem, surrounded by the colorful modified leaves.

So – one mystery solved! But why bracts? Wikipedia says that the colorful red leaves serve the function of attracting pollinators. And an article on e-how provided some fascinating insight on why the poinsettia in our office is the way it is:

Why Colored Bracts Form: In nature, the poinsettia plant is deciduous and drops its leaves in the winter. Some of the leaves change color before they fall. Growers carefully control the light exposure of poinsettias cultivated for the home market to mimic this natural cycle and the topmost leaves, or bracts, turn color in response.

Special Breeding and Cultivating: Although all poinsettias have descended from the tall perennial Mexican plant, plant cultivators have bred and selected plants over decades to produce poinsettias with a height and appearance appropriate for inside decoration. In addition to shading leaves to induce color change, growers pinch the plants to produce side shoots for a fuller poinsettia.

Controlling Light Exposure:The amount of light a poinsettia receives controls its ability to produce colored bracts. Growers manipulate this natural process, called photoperiodism, to create colored leaves in time for the Christmas season, by giving the plants at least 12 hours of darkness for eight to 11 weeks.

Thanks, internets. I love when you prove me wrong get me the information I’m seeking!

And our Poinsettia is still hanging in there, although we’ll probably toss it out when it comes time to torture the poor potted Easter Lily that will show up in a couple of months.

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The Poinsettia Mystery
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915 thoughts on “The Poinsettia Mystery

  1. 1

    There are other interesting things. Many people grow up learning that poinsettia is toxic. Wikipedia dispels that “urban legend” and explains that it is not. But, in fact, it is. It simply isn’t extremely toxic, like if you eat a leaf you die. Many euphorbia have an irritating, icky, or toxic latex and poinsettia is no exception. It is funny to read The Wiki say “It is said to be toxic, but it is not! It merely causes itching, allergic reactions, irritation, possibly diarrhea and vomiting if eaten, and it causes temporary blindness if it gets in your eyes, and though there are no known fatalities, one study looked at over 22 thousand cases bad enough to report to Poison Control Centers”

    The plants are not dangerous, but they are a little toxic or irritating.

    Also, just the fact that it is a euphorb is interesting. As a rule of thumb, if a plant is interesting enough to write a blog post about, it is either a euphorb of some sort or a member of the Solanaceae family.

    Also, I don’t buy the red leaf to guide pollinator idea. That may be true, and it often is, but I’m thinking it’s an honest indicator of quality designed to keep herbivores away. But that may just be me: I tend to see handicap theory everywhere….

  2. 2

    The Poinsettia was named after Joel Poinsett, a US envoy to Mexico, who introduced and popularized the plant in the US. He was best known to the Mexicans for meddling in their internal affairs, to the point that they coined a word, “poinsetismo”, which, loosely translated, means “one who sticks one’s nose where it doesn’t belong”. Thus, Mr. Poinsett has the distinction of contributing eponyms to two different languages in his lifetime.

  3. 3

    Greg Laden says:I don’t buy the red leaf to guide pollinator idea.
    The pollinator attractant role of bracts is easily demonstrated by clipping the bracts and comparing the lesser seed set in comparison to bracted flowers. And of course, why only produce bracts when producting flowers if their role is to advertise low quality? Sorry, but this part of pollination biology is pretty well known, although always good to test those alternate hypotheses.

  4. 4

    Don’t throw out the poinsettia! My mother used to keep hers in a cool closet in a dormant state until the following holiday season. I don’t know the details (I am so bad with plants they jump out of their pots and run away from home when they know where they are) but I think you can keep one going for a couple of years.

  5. 5

    I’ve always been able to rejuvenate my poinsettias when they are at the stage your is at. Give it some water, for moist but not wet soil and a fertilizer stick every few months, and new leaves will grow on the existing stems. I can keep them green and healthy for years.

    I only once managed to manipulate the light to get the red a second time though. Exposure to regular light bulb is enough to mess it up.

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    With havin so much content and articles do you ever run into any issues of plagorism or copyright violation? My site has a lot of exclusive content I’ve either written myself or outsourced but it looks like a lot of it is popping it up all over the internet without my agreement. Do you know any solutions to help reduce content from being stolen? I’d really appreciate it.

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    Hey very cool website!! Man .. Beautiful .. Amazing .. I will bookmark your web site and take the feeds also…I am happy to find a lot of useful info here in the post, we need work out more techniques in this regard, thanks for sharing. . . . . .

  76. 830

    Hello there! This article could not be written any better! Reading through this article reminds me of my previous roommate! He always kept preaching about this. I most certainly will forward this post to him. Fairly certain he’ll have a very good read. Thanks for sharing!

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    Hello, you used to write magnificent, but the last several posts have been kinda boring… I miss your great writings. Past several posts are just a little bit out of track! come on!

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    Hello, i think that i saw you visited my blog so i came to “return the favor”.I’m attempting to find things to improve my website!I suppose its ok to use some of your ideas!!

  80. 846

    Hello! I know this is kinda off topic but I was wondering if you knew where I could get a captcha plugin for my comment form? I’m using the same blog platform as yours and I’m having difficulty finding one? Thanks a lot!

  81. 848

    Hey very cool blog!! Man .. Beautiful .. Amazing .. I’ll bookmark your site and take the feeds also…I’m happy to find a lot of useful information here in the post, we need develop more techniques in this regard, thanks for sharing. . . . . .

  82. 853

    I was curious if you ever considered changing the page layout of your website? Its very well written; I love what youve got to say. But maybe you could a little more in the way of content so people could connect with it better. Youve got an awful lot of text for only having 1 or 2 pictures. Maybe you could space it out better?

  83. 857

    A lot of thanks for every one of your work on this website. My aunt enjoys participating in research and it is easy to see why. We all hear all of the powerful ways you provide valuable tips on the website and therefore attract response from visitors about this issue and our own daughter is without a doubt starting to learn a lot of things. Take pleasure in the remaining portion of the new year. You’re performing a powerful job.

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    Hi my family member! I want to say that this article is amazing, great written and come with almost all important infos. I’d like to peer extra posts like this .

  85. 868

    This blog is definitely rather handy since I’m at the moment creating an internet floral website – although I am only starting out therefore it’s really fairly small, nothing like this site. Can link to a few of the posts here as they are quite. Thanks much. Zoey Olsen

  86. 872

    Its like you read my mind! You seem to know a lot about this, like you wrote the book in it or something. I think that you could do with a few pics to drive the message home a little bit, but other than that, this is wonderful blog. An excellent read. I will certainly be back.

  87. 873

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  88. 874

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  89. 876

    Thanks, I have just been searching for info about this topic for a long time and yours is the greatest I have came upon till now. However, what in regards to the bottom line? Are you positive concerning the supply?

  90. 878

    You are my breathing in, I possess few web logs and occasionally run out from post :). “Analyzing humor is like dissecting a frog. Few people are interested and the frog dies of it.” by E. B. White.

  91. 882

    This design is spectacular! You certainly know how to keep a reader amused. Between your wit and your videos, I was almost moved to start my own blog (well, almost…HaHa!) Great job. I really loved what you had to say, and more than that, how you presented it. Too cool!

  92. 884

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  93. 885

    Have you ever considered about adding a little bit more than just your articles? I mean, what you say is valuable and all. But imagine if you added some great images or video clips to give your posts more, “pop”! Your content is excellent but with pics and video clips, this site could definitely be one of the greatest in its field. Good blog!

  94. 888

    I know this if off topic but I’m looking into starting my own blog and was wondering what all is required to get setup? I’m assuming having a blog like yours would cost a pretty penny? I’m not very internet savvy so I’m not 100 positive. Any tips or advice would be greatly appreciated. Cheers

  95. 890

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  96. 901

    Thanks , I’ve just been searching for info about this topic for ages and yours is the greatest I have discovered so far. But, what about the conclusion? Are you sure about the source?

  97. 902

    You are my breathing in, I possess few blogs and sometimes run out from brand :). “Fiat justitia et pereat mundus.Let justice be done, though the world perish.” by Ferdinand I.

  98. 910

    Good site! I truly love how it is easy on my eyes and the data are well written. I am wondering how I might be notified whenever a new post has been made. I have subscribed to your feed which must do the trick! Have a great day!

  99. 914

    It’s fascinating how even in seemingly mundane tasks, like gluing plant specimens, there’s room for discovery and learning. Your enthusiasm for ecological science shines through, and it’s refreshing to embrace new knowledge, no matter how common it might be. Embracing curiosity is what keeps our understanding of the world alive and evergreen.

  100. 915

    It’s perfectly normal to discover gaps in our knowledge, even in areas we’ve studied. Learning is a continuous journey, and it’s always fascinating to uncover new insights, no matter how seemingly small. Your enthusiasm for ecology and nature shines through, showing a genuine appreciation for the world around us.

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